Closed folding apex manipulation combined with splinting for the treatment of double fractures of distal ulna and radius in children / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate specific technique and clinical effects of closed folding top consolidation maneuver combined with splint fixation maneuver for consolidation and cedar bark external fixation splint for the treatment of double fractures of distal ulna and radius in children.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to December 2019, 17 children with double fractures of distal ulna and radius were treated with closed folded apex consolidation maneuver, including 13 males and 4 females, aged from 4 to 11 years old with an average of (7.29±2.34) years old. The fractures were fixed with cedar bark splint and followed up for 6 months, and alignment of fracture was evaluated according to the latest X-rays by follow up, and function of the affected limbs was evaluated by Anderson forearm function evaluation criteria.@*RESULTS@#Fifteen of 17 children were successfully reset immediately, and 2 children were successfully reset again. The average fixed time was (25.00±3.35) days. At 6 months of follow up, 12 patients got excellent results, 3 good, 2 fair, and 0 poor according to Anderson forearm function evaluation criteria. The position of all children were larger than 3/4, and 10 children were received anatomical reduction, alignment of 4 children was less than 10°, 3 children was less than 15°. No complications such as fracture displacement, nonunion, compartment syndrome, and forearm rotation dysfunction occurred.@*CONCLUSION@#Restoration of distal radius double fracture in children with the combination of the closed folding and top fixation maneuver and splint fixation maneuver has advantages of higher success rate, lower complications, which could reduce operating difficultyand pain of patients.

Effects of Sacral Nerve Root Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Solifenacin on Refractory Overactive Bladder in Women / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of sacral nerve root magnetic stimulation combined with Solifenacin in women with refractory overactive bladder (OAB). Methods:From January to December, 2017, 120 women with refractory OAB were randomly divided into sacral nerve root magnetic stimulation group (group A, n = 40), Solifenacin group (group B, n = 40), and combined treatment group (group C, n = 40). Before and after treatment, they were assessed with the urine diary (number of daily urination, number of nightly urination, single urine output, number of urgent urination), urodynamic index (initial urinary bladder capacity, maximum bladder capacity) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). Results:Two patients from group A, one from group B and one from group C were dropped out. The number of daily urination, the number of nightly urination, the single urine output, the number of urgent urination, the initial urinary bladder capacity and maximum bladder capacity, and OABSS were better in group C than in groups A and B (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Sacral nerve root magnetic stimulation combined with Solifenacin is effective and better than anyone alone on women with refractory OAB.

Clinical treatment of heart fallure by adult stem cells: existing problems and prospects / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of heart failure is increasing yearly. Although traditional treatment methods have made great progress in alleviating the progression of heart failure, cardiac tissue injury cannot be thoroughly cured. Cell therapy, however, has the potential to completely cure it through myocardial regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To review the current progress in adult stem cells from different sources in the treatment of heart failure. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed in order to search relevant articles published from 2001 till now, using the keywords of "heart failure, adult stem cells, skeletal myoblasts, cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells. After removal of repetitive or irrelevant articles, 61 articles were finally reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently used adult stem cells for treating heart failure mainly include skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac stem cells. Most clinical results have shown that adult stem cells have a good effect in the treatment of heart failure, and cause few adverse reactions. The mechanism of adult stem cells in the treatment of heart failure may be related to post-transplantation angiogenesis, paracrine mechanisms, and cell fusion, but the choices of specific cell lines, dose, route of administration and treatment frequency as well as the precise mechanism of action still need further studies.

Current knowledge in the treatment of anterolateral ligament injury of knees / 中国骨伤

Although the function of the anterolateral stabilizing structures of the knee in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries has been recognized since many years, most of orthopedic surgeons do not take the anterolateral structure into consideration when performing an ACL reconstruction. Anatomic ACL reconstruction will improve knee stability, but a small subset of patients may experience some residual anteroposterior and rotational instability. For this reason, some researchers have paid attention to the anterolateral aspects of the knee, especially the anterolateral ligament. We don't know the best time to perform ACL and ALL reconstruction. And we lack the evidence to prove which technique is the best one. So we look forward to more random controlled trial.

Case control study on the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation with Endobutton plates combined with an anchor / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effect of Endobutton plates combined with an anchor and clavicle hook plate in the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2012 to August 2014, 83 patients with Rockwood type III acromioclavicular dislocation underwent surgical treatments. Among them, 34 patients were treated with Endobutton plate and anchor repair(Endobutton group), including 23 males and 11 females, and the mean age was(39.0±6.3) years old (26 to 51 years old); the average time from injury to operation was(4.1±1.3) days(3 to 7 days);the injured side:14 left, 20 right; the dislocation in 28 patients dues to fall, 6 patients dues traffic accident. There were 49 patients treated with clavicular hook plate(hook plate group), including 33 males and 16 females;the mean age was(37.9±6.3) years old (27 to 53 years old); the average time from injury to operation was(4.1±1.1) days (2 to 7 days);the injured side: 18 left, 31 right;the dislication in 36 patients dues to fall, 13 patients dues traffic accidents. The indexes such as intraoperative bleeding volume, operation time, incision size, postoperative complication and postoperative coracoclavicular space, shoulder joint function, and life quality were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the hook plate group with 49 patients, the plates in 43 patients were removed at the secondary operation, and 32 patients had shoulder pain or limited active range. Thirty four patients in the Endobutton group had no pain symptoms and limited active range. All the patients did not suffer acromioclavicular dislocation again. There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time, and intraoperative bleeding volume(>0.05). The incision length in the hook plate group was longer than that in Endobutton group(<0.05). The coracoclavicular space of the uninjured and injured side in two groups respectively had no significant differences, and the coracoclavicular space in the injured side between two group had no significant difference(>0.05). There were no significant differences of Constant score and SF-36 between two groups 2 months after operation(>0.05). Sixteen months after operation, the Constant score in the injured side of both groups was higher than that in 2 months postoperative. But the Constant score in the injured side of hook plate group was higher than that in Endobutton group(<0.05). The Constant score in the uninjured side had no significant differences between two group(>0.05). In hook plate group, the Constant score in the uninjured side was higher than that in the injured side. In Endobutton group, there were no significant differences of Constant score between two sides. The 16 month postoperative SF-36 in the injured side of both groups was higher than the 2 month postoperative one, but 16 month postoperative SF-36 in hook plate group was lower than that in Endobutton group (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Endobutton plate combined with an anchor can effectively fix Rockwood type III or more acute acromioclavicular dislocation. The method has less complications, avoiding secondary removal of internal fixation.</p>

Analysis on the long-term effects of modified double endobutton technique in the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocations / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the long-term clinical effects of modified double Endobutton technique for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was done in 42 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III treated with modified double Endobutton technique from December 2008 to December 2010. There were 24 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 21 to 56 years old (averaged, 32.5 years old). All the patients were treated with open reduction, coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using double Endobutton technique, and repair of acromioclavicular ligament. The Karlsson system was used to evaluate therapeutic effects. The distance from coracoid to clavicle was measured to evaluate reduction loss.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 years (averaged,2.4 years). According to Karlsson system, 32 patients got an A degree and 10 patients got a B degree at three months post-operatively; 26 patients got an A degree and 16 patients got a B degree at the latest follow-up; 6 patients got an A degree at 3 months after operation lowered to B degree at the latest follow-up. The coracoid-clavicle distance increased from (26.91 +/- 0.91) mm at 3 months after operation to (27.41 +/- 1.10) mm at the latest follow-up. Te patients treated with over-reduction during operation or with heavy physical labour work after operation had obvious widened coracoid-clavicle distance. Bone absorption was found around the plate in most cases, mainly in the clavicular side.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III with modified double Endobutton technique has satisfactory early clinical results. But with time passing, loss of reduction and bone absorption around the plate could be observed, and clinical outcomes of some cases downgrade during the long-term follow-up.</p>

One-stage compound grafting of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate and autogenous cancellous bone for the treatment of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the treatment of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis with bone defect after debridement and evaluate its clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2009 to June 2011, 52 patients with chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis were treated with stage-one compound grafting of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate and autogenous cancellous bone,including 12 females and 40 males with an average age of 43 years old ranging from 18 to 67. According to Cierny-Mader classification, there were 34 cases with stage III and 18 with stage IV. There were 32 cases on right side and 20 on left,with a course of 6 months to 3 years. The area of soft tissue wound ranged from 3.0 cm x l.5 cm to 23.0 cm x l2.0 cm. The clinical effects were evaluated according to infection controlling, calcium sulfate absorption,bone defect repair and heel functional recovery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 2 to 3.8 years (averaged 2.8 years). Primary healing was achieved in 52 patients. Two cases of recurrence were found post-operatively, 1 case in 3 months and another in 5 months,which were cured after a second operation. Bone repair healing was gained in 1.5 to 3.5 months (averaged 2.5 months). Complete radiological absorption of calcium sulfate was found in 1.2 to 3 months(averaged 2.2 months). Local exudation after removal of drainage tube had been persisting in 10 patients for 2 to 3 months, which was consistent with the time when cacium sulfate were totally absorbed. Flap had partial necrosis in 4 cases,and the wounds were closed after appropriate treatment finally. The mean Maryland score was 88.15±7.70. There were excellent results in 32 cases, good in 14, fair in 6.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A satisfactory short-term clinical results can be gained by one-stage compound grafting of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate and autogenous cancellous bone in chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis, but the long-term results need further follow-up. And much more study is also demanded to reduce the exudation of calcium sulfate.</p>

Analysis of correlative factors of non-surgical vertebral fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlative factors of non-surgical vertebral fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2009 to September 2011, 126 patients who underwent single-level PVP for OVCFs were included in this study. They were followed up with an average time of 13.6 months,divided into the refracture group and non-refracture group according to the onset of non-surgical vertebral fractures or not. In refracture group,there were 14 males and 18 females with an average age of (67.63+/-7.28) years(ranged, 54 to 82); and in non-refracture group,there were 40 males and 54 females with an average age of (66.26+/-6.79) years (ranged, 55 to 76). The refracture group wps divided again into adjacent vertebral fracture (AVF) group (7 males and 13 females) and remote vertebral fracture(RVF) group (4 males and 8 females). The age, sex, bone mineral density(BMD), injecting bone cement volume, the recovery rate of vertebral body height,kyphosis corrected degree were recorded and the correlative factors of non-surgical vertebral fractures were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistically significant differences in age, sex, BMD, injecting bone cement volume and kyphosis corrected degree between refracture group and non-refracture group (P>0.05), and there was statistically significant difference in the recovery rate of vertebral body height (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in BMD, kyphosis corrected degree between adjacent vertebral fracture group and non-refracture group (P>0.05); and there was statistically significant difference in injecting bone cement volume,recovery rate of vertebral body height(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in BMD,injecting bone cement volume,recovery rate of vertebral body height, kyphosis corrected degree between remote vertebral fracture group and non-refracture group (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Recovery of vertebral body height may prefigure increasing risk of refracture in non-surgical vertebral body for the patient with OVCFs after PVP, and the adjacent vertebral fracture maybe concerned with injecting bone cement volume and recovery rate of vertebral body height.</p>

Probe into monitoring mechanism of Chinese materia medica resources / 中国中药杂志

Focusing on the problems of Chinese materia medica resources,and combining with the national Chinese materia medica resources survey, the paper probes into monitoring mechanism of Chinese materia medica resources. The establishment of the monitoring mechanism needs one organization and management agencies to supervise and guide monitoring work, one network system to gather data information, a group of people to perform monitoring work, a system of technical methods to assure monitoring work scientific and practical, a series of achievements and products to figure out the methods for solving problems, a group of monitoring index system to accumulate basic data, and a plenty of funds to keep normal operation of monitoring work.

Project design and implementation of the fourth national survey Chinese matiera medica resources / 中国中药杂志

The planning of the fourth national survey on Chinese materia medica resources shall follow the requirement of "carrying out the national survey on Chinese materia medica resources, strengthening the construction of Chinese materia medica resources monitoring and information network" which is according to the document issued by the State Council. Based on the responsibilities of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine which is "organizing the survey, promoting the resource-protection, keeping development and rational utilization", combined with the key problems that need to be solved in current medicinal industry, the related instructions issued by central leadership and the recommendations from NPC delegates, CPPCC members and experts, the planning shall make overall plans and top-level design for the new round of national survey on Chinese materia medica resources.

Key content and formulation of national Chinese materia medica resources survey at county level / 中国中药杂志

According to National Census for Water, National Population Census, National Land and Resources Survey, and work experience of experimental measures for national Chinese materia medica resources(CMMR) survey,the national CMMR survey at the county level is the key point of whole survey, that includes organization and management, field survey, sorting data three key links. Organization and management works of national CMMR survey needs to finish four key contents, there are definite goals and tasks, practicable crew, preparation directory, and security assurance. Field survey works of the national CMMR survey needs to finish five key contents, there are preparation works for field survey, the choice of the key survey area (samples), fill in the questionnaire, video data collection, specimen and other physical collection. Sorting data works of the national CMMR survey needs to finish tree key contents, there are data, specimen and census results.

Formulation of technical specification for national survey of Chinese materia medica resources / 中国中药杂志

According to the process of the technical specification (TS) design for the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources (CMMR), we analyzed the assignment and objectives of the national survey and pointed out that the differences about CMMR management around China, the distribution of CMMR and their habitat, the economic and technological level, and even enthusiasm and initiative of the staff, etc. are the most difficult points for TS design. And we adopt the principle of combination of the mandatory and flexibility in TS design. We fixed the key points which would affect the quality of national survey first, then proposed the framework of TS which including 3 parts of organization and 11 parts of technique itself. The framework will serve and lead the TS preparation, which will not only provide an action standard to the national survey but will also have a profound influence to the popularization and application of the survey technology of CMMR. [Key words]

Case-control studies between two methods of minimally invasive surgery and traditional open operation for thoracolumbar fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the surgical therapeutic result of thoracolumbar fracture treated by two minimally invasive surgery or by traditional open operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2004 to April 2010, 76 patients (45 males and 31 females, with an average age of 36.4 years, ranging from 21 to 58 years) with thoracolumbar fracture were divided into three groups. In group A, 24 patients were treated with minimally invasive internal fixation by endoscope. In group B, 20 patients were treated by Sextant percutaneous pedicle screws fiaxation. In group C, 32 patients were performed with traditional open fixation surgery. The perioperative index and radiographic factor were compared among the three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed-up for 1 year in average. The internal fixation devices were taken out averaged 1 year after operation,there were no complications related to the internal fixaton systems. The perioperative index of groups A and B including the incision size, surgical blood loss, surgical draining loss, hospital stay time and post-operation VAS score were significant smaller than group C (P < 0.05). The Cobb's angle, sagittal index, and anterior height of the fracture vertebral body were all significantly different between pre-operation and post-operation in each group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These two methods of minimally invasive surgical treatments are effective and safe for patients with thoracolumbar fracture,because of less damage to muscles, less blood loss and quicker recovery, compared to the traditional open operation.</p>

Combination of tamsulosin and tolterodine alleviates refractory lower urinary tract symptoms in male patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of the highly selective alpha receptor antagonist tamsulosin and its combination with the M receptor antagonist tolterodine in the treatment of refractory lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We included in this study 184 BPH patients with refractory LUTS with the disease course of 4 weeks to 2 years, whose LUTS were not alleviated after a week's treatment with tamsulosin. The patients were randomly divided into Groups A and B, the former (n=89) treated with tamsulosin at 0.2 mg qd and the latter (n=95) given tolterodine at 2 mg bid in addition to tamsulosin medication, both for 4 weeks. Scores on IPSS, QOL and Qmax were obtained before and after the treatment, and the improvement of LUTS evaluated after the medication.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tamsulosin group showed no significant differences before and after the treatment in the scores on IPSS (13.23 +/- 4.39 vs. 12.21 +/- 4.07), QOL (4.23 +/- 1.27 vs 3.53 +/- 0.95) and Qmax ([12.3 +/- 8.39] ml/s vs. [14.1 +/- 8.62] mls) (P > 0.05), while the combination group exhibited significantly higher scores on IPSS and QOL and lower score on Qmax after the medication than before it (IPSS: 14.45 +/- 5.31 vs. 6.56 +/- 2.03, P < 0.05; QOL: 4.45 +/- 0.79 vs. 2.34 +/- 0.73, P < 0.05; Qmax: [11.4 +/- 9.21] ml/s vs. [15.5 +/- 8.35] ml/s, P < 0.01). No severe complications were found in any of the cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combination of tamsulosin and tolterodine can significantly alleviate refractory LUTS and improve QOL without causing serious adverse events in BPH patients.</p>

Improvement technique of double endobutton plate for the treatment of type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical outcomes of improvement technique of double Endobutton plate for the treatment of Tossy III acromioclavicular joint dislocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2008 to June 2009, 18 patients with Tossy III acromioclavicular joint dislocation were treated with improvement technique of double Endobutton plate. There were 11 males and 7 females, with an average age of 35 years old ranging from 28 to 55 years. The time from injury to operation was 2 to 5 days (means 3.5 days). All patients were followed and the clinical outcomes were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>These 18 patients were followed up from 4 to 8 months (averaged 6 months). All acromioclavicular joint dislocation were reduced. According to the scales of Karlsson, the post-operation function 1 of shoulder-joint in 16 patients were A grade and 2 patients were B grade.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The improvement technique of double Endobutton plate is an effective ideal treatment methods for Tossy III acromioclavicular joint dislocation due to its less invasion and convenience and good biocompatibility.</p>

Minimally invasive trochanteric antegrade nail fixation for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of femur in elder / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effect of minimally invasive Trochanteric Antegrade Nail (TAN) for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of femur in elder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to June 2008, 80 patients with intertrochanteric fractures of femur were treated with minimally invasive fixation of Trochanteric Antegrade Nail. There were 16 males and 64 females with an average age of 75 years ranging from 65 to 93 years. According to Evans classification, there were 8 cases of type I, 32 of type II, 30 of type III, 6 of type IV and 4 of type V. After the operation of minimally invasive Trochanteric Antegrade Nail fixation,patients begun to do the continuous passive motion (CPM) and active motion of the injured hip joint and knee joint.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed from 5 to 18 months with an average of 10 months. All factures were healing in time from 10 to 14 weeks with none screw breakage. Proximal screw exiting out about 0.5 cm occurred in 3 patients without obvert symptom. Three patients appeared lower limb deep venous thrombosis and were cured with medicine. According to the scales of Sanders, pain score was 9.08 +/- 1.19, ambulation score 8.85l +/- 1.09, function score 9.10 +/- 1.27, muscle strength score 9.13 +/- 1.18, daily life score 8.91 +/- l.07, X-ray evaluation score 9.34 +/- 1.09, so as the results were excellent in 56 cases, good in 20, poor in 4.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the advantage of mini-invasion, operative convenience and stable fixation, minimally invasive TAN fixation is an effective method for intertrochanteric fractures in elder.</p>

Establishment of a multiplex ligation-dependent SNP genotyping method and its application in the detection of genes related to chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for SNP genotyping of multi-genes by allele-specific oligonucleotide probe ligation mediated by a thermostable ligase, and to explore the genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes in breast cancer patients and their association with chemotherapeutic responses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>10 SNP loci of enzyme genes related to chemotherapeutic drugs such as taxanes, anthracyclines and cyclophosphamide were selected, and were genotyped for blood samples from 126 breast cancer patients by the established method. Their correlations with therapeutic responses were retrospectively evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The lower detection limit of genomic DNA by this developed method was 6.25 ng. The fluorescent peak locations of ligation products on ABI PRISM 377 DNA sequencer were accurate and consistent with prospective sizes in bases (Bias range 0.08 - 0.69 bp, x(-) = 0.31 bp, s = 0.18 bp). Same genotyping results were obtained for repeat tests of 8 random samples, which were further confirmed by sequencing analysis. The 10 SNP loci were polymorphic of different frequency in the breast cancer patients. The combinations with GSTP1 genotypes and GSTM1 genotypes were related to anthracycline-based chemotherapy efficacy (P = 0.037), and the low GSTs activity group (GSTP1 variant allele + GSTM1 null) showed the best effects (85.7%). GSTM1 genotypes and their combinations with GSTP1 and/or CYP3A5*3 genotypes were related to taxane-based therapy efficacy (P < 0.05 for all), and both the low GSTs activity group and the drug slow-metabolising group (low GSTs activity group + CYP3A5*3 wild allele) showed better effects (100%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method is reliable and applicable in multiplex SNPs genotyping of multi-genes. SNPs combination may have a better clinical application value for prediction of chemotherapeutic responses.</p>

Expression of CD117 in human testicular germ cell tumors and its diagnostic value for seminoma and nonseminoma / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of CD117 in human testicular germ cell tumors and its value in the differential diagnosis of seminoma and nonseminoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-four human testicular germ cell tumor specimens were studied by ABC kit immunohistochemical staining detection using CD117 monoclonal antibodies. The immunoreaction scores (IRS) of all the specimens were calculated and analysed for their clinical significance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 74 germ cell tumors, 31 out of 32 (9 6.9%) seminomas showed positive staining of the CD117 mostly on the cell membrane. Four of 31 (12.9%) nonseminomas displayed a weak positive staining of CD117 only in the cytoplasm of a few cells. In 10 of 11 mixed germ cell tumors, a relatively weak expression of CD117 was shown only in the seminoma component. The CD117 expression was diagnostically decreased from seminoma to mixed seminoma and to nonseminoma successively, with IRS of 6.82 +/- 2.76, 1.25 +/- 0.42 and 0.60 +/- 0.16, respectively. There was a significant difference in the CD117 expression between seminoma and nonseminoma (P < 0.05). CD 117 proteins were positively expressed in all the 20 specimens of the normal testis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The detection of CD117 by immunohistochemical staining using CD117 monoclonal antibodies is a newly developed useful method for differentiating seminoma and nonseminoma.</p>

Desmoplastic small round-cell tumor of the paratesticular region: a case report and review of the literature / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and pathological features of paratesticular desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One case of paratesticular DSRCT was studied retrospectively and a considerable amount of related literature from Medline and Chinese journals reviewed. The patient was a 27-year-old man presenting with a painless testicular mass in the left hemiscrotum. On physical examination, a cystic mass was palpable while the testis was not in the left hemiscrotum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the operation the paratesticular area was found full of multiple nodular tumor masses of various sizes ranging from 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm in diameter. Pathological examination showed the characteristic histological pattern of nests of small undifferentiated cells embedded in a dense fibrous stroma. The tumor presented an immunohistochemical feature of epithelial, mesenchymal as well as neural multidirectional differentiation. Following testicular tumor orchiectomy, chemotherapy was performed with DDP, VP16, ifosfamide and EPI. Three years follow-up found no tumor recurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Desmoplastic small round cell tumor has a specific clinicopathologic stigmata, usually occurring in young males, for which surgical resection with chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. DSRCT located in the paratesticular region may have a better prognosis than its more frequently abdominal counterpart.</p>

Effect of Tribulus terrestris extract on melanocyte-stimulating hormone expression in mouse hair follicles / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Tribulus terrestris extract on melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) expression in C57BL/6J mouse hair follicles, and investigate the role of Tribulus terrestris extract in activation, proliferation, epidermal migration of dormant hair follicle melanocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris was administered orally in specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J mouse at the daily dose equivalent to 1 g/1 kg in adult human, and the expression and distribution of MSH in the mouse hair follicles was observed with immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positivity rate of MSH expression in the hair follicle melanocytes was 75% in mice treated with the extract, significantly higher than the rate of only 18.75% in the control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris can significantly increase MSH expression in the hair follicle melanocytes by activating tyrosinase activity and promoting melanocyte proliferation, melanine synthesis, and epidermal migration of dormant melanocytes.</p>